On Michel Foucault’s Surveillance Society Essay Sample free essay sample

The constructs â€Å"modem† and â€Å"post-modern† have become common currency in rational arguments. Within such arguments. the postmodern is perceived as an era. a position. or an wholly new paradigm of idea. Such a construct of the aforesaid term stems from its rootedness in the construct of the modern. Chia notes that what distinguishes the postmodern from the modem is â€Å"a manner of believing which eschews the noncritical usage of common footings such as ‘organizations’ . ‘individuals’ . ‘environment’ . ‘structure’ . and ’culture’ . etc† ( 1995. p. 579 ) . These footings refer to the being of societal entities and properties within a modernist construct of societal world. The principle behind this lies in the ontological construct of being which privileges believing in footings of distinct phenomenal provinces. inactive properties and consecutive events. As opposed to such an ontological construct of world. the postmodern stands as the title-holder of weak signifiers of ontology that â€Å"emphasize a transient. passing and emergent reality† ( Chia. We will write a custom essay sample on On Michel Foucault’s Surveillance Society Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1995. p. 579 ) . If such is the instance. it thereby follows that a postmodernist position of world adheres to believe manners wherein world is deemed to be continuously in flux and transmutation and hence unrepresentable thereby impossible to locate within a inactive construct of world. An acceptance of a post-modernist position of world thereby leads to a rethinking of the modern constructs of societal world since attachment to postmodernist positions lead to the de-emphasis on signifiers and properties. Such a construct of world ; nevertheless tends to stress the importance of local methods. which jointly define a societal world. In a sense. the displacement from a modern to a postmodern construct of world thereby leads to the re-definition of bing ontological constructs of world that determine the assorted signifiers of rational precedences every bit good as theoretical judicial admissions in the survey and construct of being. Such a perceptual experience of world [ that is extr emely characterized by the postmodern bend ] is apparent in Michel Foucault’ perspectives as to the workings of societal world. Michel Foucault’s usage of Jeremy Bentham’s construct â€Å"panopticon’ in his bookDiscipline and Punishnowadayss a treatment of the facet of surveillance while puting accent on a cardinal alteration and interrupt ensuing from the alterations in the societal and theatrical agreements during the 1800’s. The difference in methodological analysis is apparent if one considers that every bit opposed to the old methodological analysis wherein the many see the few. modern methodological analysis has enabled the displacement wherein the few see the many. Foucault notes that such a displacement shows the mode in which â€Å"the instantaneous position of a great multitude† is procured for a little figure or even for a individual person ( 1974. p. 216 ) . He farther notes that the deductions of such show the mode in which Our society is one non of spectacle. but of surveillance†¦We are much less Grecian than we believe. We are neither in the amphitheatre. nor on the phase. but in the panoptical machine. invested by its effects of power which we bring to ourselves since we are a portion of its mechanism. ( Foucault. 1974. p. 217 ) Such a position is based on the premise that society stands as the venue for the interplay of assorted signifiers of power dealingss. Such signifiers of power relation determine the mode in which an person situates himself/herself within his/her milieus. Surveillance. in this sense. may be seen as a method which society inscribes upon an person as he/she chooses to modulate his/her actions dependent upon the signifier of power relation in which he/she has direct entree. It is of import to observe. that Foucault’s impression of panopticonism besides emphasizes the being of freedom within a predefined infinite. Understanding power is cardinal to understanding Foucault’s analysis of subjectiveness. Foucault explicitly rejects the paradigm of power as repression. reasoning that power is non merely negative but besides productive. He rejects the juridical theoretical account of power. wherein power is characterized as inhibitory. rule-based. uniform. and prohibitory. Harmonizing to this theoretical account. the topic is constituted as one who obeys this negative one-sided power. Foucault characterizes power as positive and productive. Power is everyplace. a multiplicity of force dealingss ; it is ever local and unstable. This ubiquitousness of power does non prevent opposition. On the contrary. opposition ( s ) can merely be in the strategic field of power dealingss. Power is action that runs through and between things ; power is first and first relational. Not merely is power ever a relationship. but power relationships exist everyplace. Freedom. in this sense. is to be understood as composed of positive and negative facets. Although one exists within panoptical society. it is possible to prosecute in instances of positive freedom through the battle of actions. which contradicts the dominant discourses. In the popular womens rightist motions. for illustration. such an act involves the redefinition of the feminine as opposed to the presumed patriarchal construct of the female. Such is the mode in which Foucault’s doctrine emphasizes the fluidness of constructions despite its being within a panoptical kingdom. Mentions Chia. R. ( 1995 ) â€Å"From Modern to Postmodern Organizational Analysis† .Organizational Surveies16: 579-604. Foucault. M. ( 1974 ) .Discipline and Punish The Birth of the Prison.New York: Vintage.

How the Constitution applies to being a Military Leader/Officer

Table of Contents Introduction Sworn Oath of Defending the Constitution Military Justice and the Constitution Limitation of Powers Reference List Introduction It is the duty of the U.S. Armed Forces to protect the country from both internal and external threats yet few people seem to realize that the basis for such responsibilities is not due to orders from the president or that of Congress but rather it is a result of a sworn oath to protect the Constitution. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How the Constitution applies to being a Military Leader/Officer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Constitution itself is greater than any single branch of government however it is still vulnerable to corruption from within and as such it is the duty of each and every military officer to ensure that such corruption is stamped out. On the other hand, it must be mentioned that though it is the duty of the military to pr otect the Constitution it is only through the Constitution itself and its various amendments that the military was even brought into being in the first place For example, it is only through the powers given to it by the constitution that Congress is able to authorize the creation of the military as well as control its budget and it is only through Congressional action that war can be declared (McCarthy, 2011). It must be noted though that the constitution also happens to give the President significant powers in terms of being the commander and chief of the Armed Forces in times of war and as such all military leaders/officers are de facto obliged to obey the president. Based on such factors, this paper will explore how the Constitution applies to being a military leader/officer and what are the various contributions the Constitution has had in the creation of the modern day system seen in the U.S. Armed Forces today. Sworn Oath of Defending the Constitution First and foremost among the oaths sworn by a military officer/leader is a pledge to defend and support the Constitution of the United States, do note that this isn’t a pledge to obey the President or support Congress in its decisions rather it is an obligation to defend the tenets of the Constitution from both foreign and domestic threats. What you have to understand is that while the Constitution itself is responsible for the creation of the U.S. armed forces (seen in Section 8 Article 1) the fact is that it also entails a distinct separation of powers in order to create a checks and balances system of which each and every U.S. military leader/officer is a part of. The pledge to defend the Constitution is in part an aspect of this check and balances system wherein despite the fact that the military is under the control of a civilian government, military officers/ leaders also acts as a means of ensuring that such a system isn’t abused (Kuehn, 2010). Advertising Looking for essay on c onstitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, in cases where an obviously corrupt elected government is in control, military officers/leaders have the solemn duty to ensure the continued protection of the tenets of the Constitution by intervening in civilian affairs whether through arms or through protest in order to ensure that the Constitution is protected at all costs. This is one of the main reasons why the oath every single military officer takes is not to the President, to Congress, the Judiciary, or the Senate but rather to the Constitution itself. This is to ensure that should all else fail and the government of the country is corrupt beyond measure and is pursuing a path that is in direct conflict with the ideals put into practice by the founding fathers, there would still be some form of resistance in the form of the Armed Forces of the country in order to ensure that such actions can be prevented and t o ensure the reassertion of the proper form of government that is necessary to put the country back on track. Military Justice and the Constitution Under the 5th Amendment of the Constitution the creation of a separate justice system for the U.S. military was enacted in order to create a system that specifically deals with cases involving military personnel. What you have to understand is that the creation of such a unique justice system was due to the fact that civilian law lacked the necessary â€Å"severity† and â€Å"strictness† needed for the Armed Forces (Underhill, 1924). For example, neglecting ones duty, gross disrespect for a superior, abuse of power in the work place or arriving late for an assignment is normally seen as adverse actions however perfectly allowable under civilian law. Under the military justice system, though such actions have a corresponding criminal punishment due to their violation of military codes of conduct and ethics. The reason behi nd this is quite simple, all militaries whether they are based in the U.S., the Philippines, the U.K. or other such countries all function through a process of strict discipline, unquestioning observance of orders and the rules of military codes of conduct, as well as loyalty to ones country. Without such systems in place the end result would be an undisciplined organization that would be unable to work as a cohesive whole should a period of war occur this resulting in the potential deaths of thousands of soldiers as a direct result. It is based on this that once a civilian has entered into military service he/she understands that under the 5th amendment to the Constitution they will henceforth be subject to the military justice system until such a time that they released from active duty within the military.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How the Constitution applies to being a Military Leader/Officer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Limitation of Powers As mentioned earlier, there is an inherent separation of powers within the U.S. Constitution which ensures that no single branch of government has too much power in order to ensure that the there is a certain degree of â€Å"control† in order to limit potentially unconstitutional policies from being implemented. The same though can be said in the case of the military wherein based on the constitution the power of the military is limited and controlled by the civilian government of the U.S (Agency group, N.D.). This is in line with the aforementioned checks and balances system mentioned earlier which all military officers need to take into consideration since despite the potential power at their hands they need to realize that such powers are there only to defend the constitution, protect the people of this nation and ensure its continued existence and as such should not be utilized for personal gain. Reference List Agency group . (n.d). Civilian control of military based on constitution. FDCH Regulatory Intelligence Database, Kuehn, J. T. (2010). Talking Grand Strategy. Military Review, 90(5), 74. McCarthy, A. C. (2011). The law: servant or master?. New Criterion, 29(6), 26. Underhill, L. K. (1924). Jurisdiction of Military Tribunals in the United States Over Civilians. California Law Review, 12(2), 75. This essay on How the Constitution applies to being a Military Leader/Officer was written and submitted by user Bria C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bilbo Baggins - The Hobbit essays

Bilbo Baggins - The Hobbit essays The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolken is a story about a hobbit going on a journey. The team consists of thirteen dwarfs and one hobbit, Bilbo Baggins. Bilbo is chosen to go on the adventure by a magical wizard named Gandalf. He chooses Bilbo because he thinks that he has the potential and will be useful to the dwarfs, also not to mention that thirteen is an unlucky number. The group does not understand why Gandalf chooses Bilbo because he is very afraid of adventures. Sorry! I dont want any adventures, thank you, Bilbo says to Gandalf when he asks him to go on an adventure. Nevertheless, he loves materialistic things too much, and is a plain out coward. Bilbo is afraid of adventures because he loves his house too much and does not like to go anywhere out-side his nice hobbit hole in the hill. Bilbos house is in the side of a hill and has a round door. His home is full of warmth and food. He loves his cakes that he bakes and smoking his pipe. When they first set off Bilbo forgets his handkerchief, pipe, and cakes. But I come with out my hat, and I have left my pocket-handkerchief behind, and I havent got any money, says Bilbo when he realizes what he has left behind. He is going nuts thinking that he will never make it through with out those items. Next, when they get captured Bilbo relies on Galdalf to get them out. Which Gandalf does, but then on their next encounter Bilbo has to stand up for himself. When he gets lost in the tunnels and finds the ring, that is when he starts to believe in himself. He makes it out and later on uses it to help out his friends. He starts to get his self-confidence here. When they reach the mountain where Smague the dragon is, that is where you can tell that Bilbos character has developed. He talks with the dragon in confidence and he believes in himself. When everyone is fighting over the gold and the war is about to happ...

Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer

Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822–September 28, 1895) was a French biologist and chemist whose breakthrough discoveries into the causes and prevention of disease ushered in the modern era of medicine. Fast Facts: Louis Pasteur Known For: Discovered pasteurization, studies of anthrax, rabies, improved medical techniquesBorn: December 27, 1822 in Dole, FranceParents: Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne-Etiennette RoquiDied: September 28, 1895 in Paris, FranceEducation: Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon (BA, 1842; BSc 1842), Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure (MSc, 1845; Ph.D. 1847)Spouse: Marie Laurent (1826–1910, m. May 29, 1849)Children: Jeanne (1850–1859), Jean Baptiste (1851–1908), Cà ©cile (1853–1866), Marie Louise (1858–1934),  Camille (1863–1865) Early Life Louis Pasteur was born December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, into a Catholic family. He was the third child and only son of  poorly educated tanner Jean-Joseph Pasteur and his wife Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui. He attended primary school when he was 9 years old, and at that time he didnt show any particular interest in the sciences. He was, however, quite a good artist. In 1839, he was accepted to the  Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon, from which he graduated with both a BA and a BSc in 1842 with honors in physics, mathematics, Latin, and drawing, gaining. He later attended the prestigious Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure  to study physics and chemistry, specializing in crystals, and obtaining the French equivalents of an MSc (1845) and a Ph.D. (1847). He served briefly as a professor of physics at the Lycee in Dijon, and later became a professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. Marriage and Family It was at the University of Strasbourg that Pasteur met Marie Laurent, the daughter of the universitys rector; she would become Louis secretary and writing assistant. The couple married on  May 29, 1849,  and had  five children: Jeanne (1850–1859), Jean Baptiste (1851–1908), Cà ©cile (1853–1866), Marie Louise (1858–1934), and Camille (1863–1865). Only two of his children survived to  adulthood: the other three  died of typhoid fever, perhaps leading to Pasteurs drive to save people from disease.   Accomplishments Over the course of his career, Pasteur conducted research that ushered in the modern era of medicine and science. Thanks to his discoveries, people could now live  longer and healthier lives. His early work  with the wine growers of France, in which he developed a way to pasteurize and kill germs as part of the fermentation process, meant that all kinds of liquids could now be safely brought to market- wine, milk, and even beer. He was even granted U.S. patent 135,245 for Improvement in Brewing Beer and Ale Pasteurization.   Additional accomplishments included his discovery of a cure for a certain disease that affected silkworms, which was a tremendous boon to the textile industry. He also found cures for chicken cholera, anthrax in sheep, and rabies in humans. The Pasteur Institute In 1857, Pasteur moved to Paris, where he took up a series of professorships. Personally, Pasteur lost three of his own children to typhoid during this period, and in 1868, he suffered a debilitating stroke, which left him partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He opened the Pasteur Institute in 1888, with the stated purpose of the treatment of rabies and the study of virulent and contagious diseases. The Institute pioneered studies in microbiology, and held  the  first-ever class in the new discipline in 1889. Starting in 1891, Pasteur began to open other Institutes throughout Europe to advance his ideas. Today, there are  32 Pasteur institutes or hospitals in 29 countries throughout the world. The Germ Theory of Disease During Louis Pasteurs lifetime it was not easy for him to convince others of his ideas, which were controversial in their time but are considered absolutely correct today. Pasteur fought to convince surgeons that germs existed and that they were the cause of disease, not bad air, the prevailing theory up to that point. Furthermore, he insisted that germs could be spread via human contact and even medical instruments, and that killing germs through pasteurization and sterilization was imperative to preventing the spread of disease. In addition, Pasteur advanced the study of virology. His  work with rabies led him to realize that weak forms of disease  could be used as an immunization against stronger forms.   Famous Quotes Did you ever observe to whom the accidents happen? Chance favors only the prepared mind. Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. Controversy   A few historians disagree with the accepted wisdom regarding Pasteurs discoveries. At the centennial of the biologists death in 1995, a historian specializing in science, Gerald L. Geison  (1943–2001), published a book analyzing Pasteurs private notebooks, which had only been made public about a decade earlier. In The Private Science of Louis Pasteur, Geison asserted that Pasteur had given misleading accounts about many of his important discoveries. Still, other critics labeled him a fraud. Death Louis Pasteur continued to work at the Pasteur Institute until June 1895, when he retired because of his increasing illness. He died on September 28, 1895, after suffering multiple strokes. Legacy Pasteur was complicated: inconsistencies and misrepresentations identified by Geison in Pasteurs notebooks show that he was not just an experimenter, but a powerful combatant, orator, and writer, who did distort facts to sway opinions and promote himself and his causes. Nevertheless, his accomplishments were tremendous- in particular his anthrax and rabies studies, the importance of handwashing and sterilization in surgery, and most importantly, ushering in the era of the vaccine. These accomplishments continue to inspire and cure millions of people. Sources Berche, P. Louis Pasteur, from Crystals of Life to Vaccination. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 18 (2012): 1–6.Debrà ©, Patrice. Louis Pasteur. Trans. Forster, Elborg. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Geison, Gerald L. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995.  Lanska, D. J. Pasteur, Louis. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition). Eds. Aminoff, Michael J. and Robert B. Daroff. Oxford: Academic Press, 2014. 841–45.Ligon, B. Lee. Biography: Louis Pasteur: A Controversial Figure in a Debate on Scientific Ethics. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 13.2 (2002): 134–41.Martinez-Palomo, Adolfo. The Science of Louis Pasteur: A Reconsideration. The Quarterly Review of Biology 76.1 (2001): 37–45.Tulchinsky, Theodore H. Chapter 6: Pasteur on Microbes and Infectious Diseases. Case Studies in Public Health. Ed. Tulchinsky, Theodore H.: Academic Press, 2018. 10 1–16.

Assessing Organizational Culture Essay Example

Assessing Organizational Culture Essay Example Assessing Organizational Culture Paper Assessing Organizational Culture Paper Assessing Organizational Culture When thinking of culture, my mind tends to wander toward far off places only seen on television or on the internet. Culture represents an exotic and sometimes untouchable part of the world that each individual claims depending on their background, ethnicity, race, or family history. When applying culture to the workplace, however, the idea of culture applies, not only to individual persons, but to the way in which we react to one another, perceive one another, and communicate with one another. The culture of an organization is embedded in and expressed by patterns nd habits of communication. (Cheney, Christensen, Zorn, Jr. , Ganesh 2011) This paper will explain what it means to have culture within organizations as well as the presence of climate and socialization. Organizations adopt habits that work well with its requirements as an organization as well as those who have built the culture of the organization. For example, if the long-standing CEO has created a casual and relaxed atmosphere, others within the organization will adopt the same habits in order to fit the model the CEO is building. We deal with the meanings of things within our ultural system. Staying within a culture creates a certain amount of stability and predictability. Culture in the workplace can be explained easily by the differences in our co-workers and how to adapt to these differences. Differences may originate in family background religion, age, education, occupation, wealth, status, lifestyle, interests, etc. (Cheney, Christensen, Zorn, Jr. , Ganesh 2011) I will focus on the culture of age for a moment. Recently, I started a new position with a new organization. This position offered everything I was looking for; better pay, excellent benefits, proper se of my skills, and opportunity for advancement. Shortly after orientation, I began meeting those I would be working with. I noticed very quickly that all of my co- workers are from an older generation and I am the minority. In some cases it is fun to have conversations with them regarding our age differences and for them to Jokingly say, What year were you born? I graduated high school that year, my word you are young! , but this can also mean they do not take me as seriously as a protessional. But one time they become a physician. infirmary nurse. surgical technician. etc. they take on a new life and thereby absorb a new civilization into their lives. Subcultures. as defined by organisational theoreticians John new wave Maanen and Stephen Barley. are a subset of an organization’s members who interact on a regular basis with one another. place themselves as a distinguishable group†¦and routinely take action on the footing of corporate apprehensions unique to the group ( Cheney. 2011. 78-79 ) The organisational civilization in a infirmary is based on the premiss that the infirmary is at that place to supply a topographic point for the attention and healing of the ill or injured. Organizational theoretician Mary Jo Hatch puts Forth that there are five ( 5 ) Degrees of Cultural Integration and Differentiation ( Cheney. 77 ) identified as follows: Unitary. Diverse ( Integrated ) . Diverse ( Differentiated ) . Diverse ( Fragmented ) and Disorganized ( Multi-cephalous ) ( Hatch. 1997. 210 ) . A infirmary in its purest signifier would be good represented as a Unitary civilization because the staff as a whole all have the same values or beliefs. But single staff or even medical units may fall into any of the other civilizations identified every bit good. A peculiar unit. i. e. cardiac telemetry floor. may be a Diverse ( Fragmented ) unit due to a group of nurses who do non see their critical undertaking demands in the same manner and as a consequence the degree of patient infections or deceases rises. doing unrest among the staff. supervisors. patient households and ensuing in legal branchings thereby break uping the staff’s solidarity. Social psychologist Edgar Schein formulated a theoretical theoretical account that shows an organization’s civilization is built on three degrees: artefacts. values and norms. and premises and beliefs. Artifacts are normally the most common and seeable mark of a specific civilization. Schein puts Forth that things such as nursing uniforms. nomenclature. surgical protocols and more. really and accurately stand for the basic facets of organization’s civilization. The values and norms facet of his theory. while non ever seeable. can be seen through behaviour of the person or group ; it reveals what is of import to the group and how they treat each other within their organisation. Each facet of the profession may hold an operating process or environment nique to that country of specialisation. but still have the same values and norms for their actions. In a surgical room. sterilisation of the environment is much more of import than it would be in a patient’s room on a medical/surgical floor. but they still have the same belief in maintaining an unfastened lesion every bit clean as possible. While values in the medical profession make non change as a whole. values do specify accepted behaviour and action. Genuine premises and beliefs are nurtured by a individuals or organisations values and norms. Valuess vary merely somewhat in the assorted medical professions and installations. Depending on the medical forte country. operational norms and methods may differ harmonizing to developing precedences. equipment and environment unique to that forte. For case. the hospital in-patient lesion attention squad may hold the same desire to handle a patient’s lesions as a place wellness nursing squad. but the methods of intervention or medicines used may be different. Differences begin to come up when a patient is sent place on a negative force per unit area lesion therapy system. i. e. a lesion V. A. C.  ® . that aids in the healing of lesions via suction ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. kci1. com/KCI1/vactherapy ) . Many place wellness nurses does non cognize how to properly alter the intricate dressing or to the full understand this equipment or the detrimental consequences that can happen if non changed decently. Faulty premises are hence made based on the beliefs of the place wellness nurse of what should be done for the patient. When that happens. jobs arise in this peculiar scenario that could ensue in the patient being brought back to the infirmary for a farther period of hospitalization due to a dislocation of their lesions or even the creative activity of new lesions as a consequence of improper V. A. C.  ® arrangement. The paramount civilization of the medical field is based on the Physician’s Creed of First. make no harm ( writer uncertain but it is based on the Hippocratic Oath which states to abstain from making harm ) . This belief echoes throughout the medical field all over the universe. And while there are single exclusions or exclusions in countries such as carnal research for the improvement of world or the ethical issue of abortion. the credo has gone unchanged since the clip of the ancient Greeks and before. Schein’s three ( 3 ) degrees of artefacts. values and norms. and premises and beliefs. are apparent in every clinical scene. With farther geographic expedition. Hatch’s five ( 5 ) Degrees of Cultural Integration and Differentiation will besides be found. albeit non everyone will be seen on every infirmary floor or unit. Medical installations are a kaleidoscope or a microcosm of many subcultures under the roof of the chief civilization of being a topographic point for the attention and healing of the ill or injured. Without that organisational civilization giving counsel to all of the subcultures involved in this human-centered calling field. the decease rate for minor hurts and diseases would intensify exponentially.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics - Essay Example The people and neighbours nearby the plant were in great dilemma. The Corporation blamed the Indian workers and managers for such incident. Various cases were filed against the corporation and the chairman at Indian courts (Browning, 1993). In this paper, a study has been conducted based on the Bhopal gas leak disaster. One of the prime objectives of the paper will be to analyse the role of the former chairman of Union Carbide Corporation, Mr. Anderson regarding his fault in the dreadful explosion of MIC from the plant. The paper also deals with the stakeholder theory and corporate citizenship of the plant administered by Union Carbide in Bhopal, India. Furthermore, the paper will discuss about whether the corporation was successful or failed in their responsibility towards society. The stakeholder theory of the Corporation will also be highlighted by referring to the theoretical framework. 2.0 Is Anderson to blame at all for this accident? Union Carbide Corporation’s parent c ompany Dow Chemical Company is one of the biggest producers of chemical in the United States. The corporation is operating in various countries throughout the world. The plant had started its operation in Bhopal in the year 1969 with $25 million manufacturing facility. The plant was named as Union Carbide of India, Ltd (UCIL). Since its headquarters is in the US, technical and financial operations of the plant were performed in the US. Government of India also owned a certain part of the plant. Due to the incident of Bhopal disaster in 1986 as well as pressure from the US judges, the corporation approved to pay $425 million for the victims of the incident. Later the Union Carbide changed their opinion towards the victims. Mr. Warren Anderson, who was the chairman of the corporation, visited India after such incident and said everything would be done for the victims of Bhopal tragedy. He offered $1million for such dreadful disaster and to build hospital, orphanage as well as vocation al schools (Gupta, 2002). The incident was caused since proper safety measures were not adopted in the plant. The chairman was responsible to manage all the operations but he did not conduct them properly. The Carbide engineers were involved in the final design as well as construction of the plant. Due to possible limitation in the designing of plant such incident had occurred. There was inadequacy from the Union Carbide Corporation in safety measures, deficient in cooling facilities, defective alarm systems, poor maintenance and storage of excessive amounts of toxic materials. However, the corporation was not willing to admit their shortcomings and were rather blaming the workers for such damage. Various homicide charges were also filed against the top nine officers of the Corporation besides Chairman Anderson. In the US, the corporation had installed all the safety measures for the individuals working there. However, in one of the third world country, i.e. in India, Union Carbide did not adopt adequate safety measures for the workers in the plant (Browning, 1993). The deadly Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) was imported to India from the US in order to stimulate foreign direct investment. From that period onwards, the Bhopal plant

Market strategy, Market positioning and Marketing-Mix Assignment

Market strategy, Market positioning and Marketing-Mix - Assignment Example Furthermore, Metrao faces increasing competition from other calorie calculators being sold in the market. Generally, this means that Metrao is obliged to differentiate its products from others in the market by being innovative and unique. In addition to, the calorie calculator market is growing showing that there are likely to be diverse consumer needs and expectations. Consequently, Metrao should utilize strategic marketing tools to get an actual picture of the level of competition in the market and the customers’ needs. A marketing strategy is a process that enables a company to focus its limited resources on the strategic opportunities to attain a sustainable competitive advantage and increase their sales volumes (West, Ford, and Ibrahim 57). A marketing strategy should be based on consumer satisfaction. A marketing strategy is made up of different aspects such as pricing, product development, promotion, distribution and relationship management. Further, it establishes the choice of marketing mix, positioning, target market segments and relationship management. Some of the strategies adopted by the company include the PESTLE and the SWOT analysis. Marketing Mix This primary marketing strategy adopted in the promotion of Metrao. Generally, four aspects in the 4Ps strategy include product, place, price and promotion. The first element of the marketing strategy is product (Schroeder 11). Product refers to the product or service being offered in the market. Metrao is a calorie calculator that enables people keep track of the calorie intake on their daily basis for healthy purposes. This device includes a database approximates the protein, calorie, fat and carbohydrate intake. In addition to, the device offers a recommendation of the appropriate diet for different users. The device is also used o approximate how many calories an individual can cut down on a daily basis. Consumers buy products based on their perceived value of it. For this reason, Metrao en sures product value for its consumers by ensuring consumer satisfaction. Price is the second aspect that greatly influences customers’ decision to buy give product or service. Furthermore, it the only aspect in the Marketing Mix that generates profits. However, the company resolved not to put a selling price on Metrao but opted to get profits from the product’s promotion. In other words, the company is undertakes promotional pricing to generate profits and compete with other players in the market (Robinson 78). However, the company intends to set a reasonable price once the consumers are fully aware of the existence of the product in the market. Promotion is the way in which information about a product is brought to the attention of the consumers. The company has a brand name and intends to raise its awareness using a wide range of advertising campaigns staged on offline and online marketing channels. The company also promotes its products on its website that was recen tly established to target the online market segment. The final aspect of the marketing mix is place and it relates to where a certain product can be purchases and how the buyers can easily access it. The product will be available in the company’s stores, the company’s website and other shops that sell health related products. The product will be sold in the UK and if it performs well, it will be introduced in other parts of the world. SWOT analysis The company